Is Online Social Networking Building Social Capital Essay

This is a pugnacious examination paper that looks at Robert Putnam’s meaning of Social Networking and gives contentions that Social Networking Sites are building Social Capital as Putnam planned its definition. In the first place, this paper will investigate Putnam’s meaning of Social Capital just as its substitute definitions. Second, it will investigate the meaning of Social Networking as per Putnam just as other practically identical definitions. Third, it will recognize certain qualifications in the idea of Social Networking, Social Networks, and Social Capital. Fourth, it will inspect Putnam’s proposition that Social Capital has been declining because of the developing prevalence of electronic machines, PCs, and from now on, Social Network Sites. Fifth, it will inspect exchange contentions that different scientists have made as opposed to Putnam’s key contentions. 6th, this paper will assess all of Putnam’s key contentions contrasted with contentions straightforwardly conversely with Putnam’s theory. This paper will in like manner give individual experiences and appraisals that current group of information here has not yet secured. At long last, seventh, this paper will infer that in opposition to Putnam’s postulation that Social Capital has been declining because of the developing fame of Social Network Sites, Social Capital has in reality been developing at an extremely fast pace. Presentation Robert Putnam’s most persuasive work Bowling Alone, which showed up in 1995, flagged the significant changes that the Internet Age has realized in the every day lives of Americans. From that point forward, the virtual network has developed by a wide margin as quick mechanical advances and developments drastically changed American life. Putnam laid the basis for his contentions in Bowling Alone with Alexis de Tocqueville’s perceptions of American life during the 1830s (65). Note that Toccqueville’s period essentially secured the monetary change of America from the Agricultural Age to the Industrial Age. This was an age where the departure of provincial Americans into American urban communities to work in manufacturing plants and money related focuses spoke to mass relocations just as expanded efficiency. Putnam kept laying the basis for his contentions as he depicted the move from the modern age to the Computer Age through a developing assemblage of examination on the humanism of monetary turn of events (66). Since Putnam’s ‘Bowling Alone’ showed up in 1995, Putnam’s Computer Age has as of now immediately moved into the Internet Age beginning in 1997 as Boyd and Ellison spoke to in their timetable closure 2006 (212). Note likewise that the Internet Age connoted the beginning of an overall pattern in globalization where seaward assembling plants and the off-shoring of numerous American employments made an extraordinary effect on American lives and nearby networks just as specific methods of accomplishing work. In this light, this paper will currently investigate Putnam’s view of American Society through the ideas of Social Capital and Social Networks or Social Networking. Definitions Putnam gave a meaning of ‘Social Capital’ through a similarity with physical and human capital as the social researchers of the Industrial Age apparent the marvels (67). For Putnam, physical and human capital relate to â€Å"tools and preparing that improve individual productivity† while social capital â€Å"refers to the highlights of a social association, for example, systems, standards, and social trust that encourage coordination and participation for common benefit† (67). Putnam’s focal reason on social capital is that a person’s open and private life is vigorously and hugely impacted by social associations and community commitment (67). On the side of this definition, Barish suitably gave a disentangled and summarized adaptation: †¦[I]t bodes well to comprehend Putnam’s procedures for portraying and assessing the American community†¦ His contention goes†¦ like this: A screwdriver is a significant thing. It can assist me with building a house, or fix a vehicle, thus it increments both my individual efficiency and the aggregate profitability of my locale. Thus, any social associations that I have, regardless of whether with individuals from my bowling crew, companions from the bar, co-individuals from the neighborhood Rotary club, or attendees from my gathering place increment my own profitability and the efficiency of my gathering. Similarly as the screwdriver is a bit of physical capital, the social contacts that I keep up establish ‘social capital’ and are helpful to both myself and observers in the network. † In another light, a writing audit gave an increasingly exhaustive meaning of social capital in its wide, versatile, and characteristic terms covering the two its positive and negative signs (Ellison, Steinfield and Lampe 1145). Extensively, a 1988 meaning of social capital alludes to the collection of assets by means of the connections among individuals (1145). It has additionally been noticed that social capital has a flexible definition comparative with the field of study it is being utilized in (1145). In such various fields, social capital is for the most part observed as both a circumstances and logical results or all the more extravagantly in a 1992 definition, as a whole of â€Å"resources, genuine or virtual, that collect to an individual or gathering by goodness of having a sturdy system of pretty much systematized connections of shared associate and recognition† (1145). Social capital is typically compared to helpful outcomes like â€Å"better general wellbeing, lower crime percentages, and increasingly proficient budgetary markets† (1145). In the interim, pointers of its decay are the accompanying negative results: â€Å"increased social issue, diminished investment in municipal activities† and raising doubt among individuals from the network (1145). Having built up the structure for comprehension Putnam’s social capital, the following investigation will be on Putnam’s point of view on ‘Social Networks’. Amusingly, Putnam didn't give a proper meaning of informal communities yet rather talked about or depicted its setting as follows: 1. Imperatively significant â€Å"for work situation and numerous other financial outcomes;† 2. Exceptionally productive, profoundly adaptable ‘industrial districts’ dependent on systems of coordinated effort among laborers and little entrepreneurs;† and 3. â€Å"The solidification of nation post workplaces and little school districts†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (66). With this unique circumstance, it would now be able to be perceived that Putnam’s center around informal organizations is business related or those that relate to financial worth or efficiency. Also, since Putnam’s compelling Bowling Alone in 1995, social capital and interpersonal organizations have created calculated branches as Boyd and Ellison appear in their 2008 meaning of ‘Social Network Sites’ and its distinction with ‘Social Networking Sites’ (211). In straightforward terms, Boyd and Ellison characterize informal organization locales as online administrations that empower individuals to sharing time about their interpersonal organizations bringing about associations that will in any case not occur among individuals with existing just as beforehand existing disconnected associations in their profession, tutoring, network, family, previous network and other particular social gatherings (211). While Beer makes a fine contention on the broadness of Boyd and Ellison’s definition and that there is a need to characterize and arrange Social Network Sites or SNS (517-9), it is apparent that beside the individuals that are engaged with a current informal organization, interests like bowling (Putnam) or substance like recordings on account of YouTube (Beer 519) can bond together outsiders with comparative interests. These make the limits between informal community destinations versus long range informal communication locales befuddling as Boyd and Ellison endeavored to separate (211). Differentiations With the above definitions, obvious qualifications are presently noticeable from the accessible collection of work relating to social capital, informal communities, and interpersonal interaction contrasted and Putnam’s ideas. Right off the bat, social capital as per Putnam are worked from an individual’s open and private life as appeared by a person’s profitability through social associations and neighborhood network inclusion. Quan-Hasse and Wellman likewise note that Putnam’s social capital is basically restricted to an area, city or a nation. Besides, Quan-Hasse and Wellman recognizes Putnam’s idea of social associations as â€Å"interpersonal correspondence designs, including† physical visits, vis-à-vis physical â€Å"encounters, calls and get-togethers. † also, Quan-Hasse and Wellman recognizes Putnam’s neighborhood network inclusion, which is typically named city commitment, as the â€Å"degree to which individuals become associated with their locale, both effectively and latently, including such political and authoritative exercises as political assemblies, book and sports clubs. In such manner, Putnam’s idea is unmistakable for the most part as geologically weave in nature instead of topographically scattered. Also, from Putnam’s perspective, interpersonal organizations are typically business related or network related where shared advantages are delivered as results or constructive results of a gathering movement or gathering exercises including physical activities or endeavors. In such manner, Putnam’s idea is particular chiefly as physical as opposed to virtual. Thirdly, in light of Putnam’s point of view, informal organizations include social bonds among individuals who agree, up close and personal, and truly in a geologically weave area while interpersonal organizations or long range informal communication is social holding and connecting among individuals who knew one another or even outsiders in a topographically sew or geologically dispers

A Murder Case

As indicated by an observer, multi year old Joseph Tylutki †the respondent †was quarreling over cash with his companion, Vincent Bohlman, likewise 19, when Tylutki shot Bohlman threefold in the chest and executed him.â Bohlman was not conveying a weapon, additionally as per the witness.Apparently Tylutki had put a blade in Bohlman’s hand subsequent to slaughtering him so as to mislead the courtroom later on that Bohlman had attempted to murder him first (â€Å"Bail Cut for Teen in Friend’s Death†).The offended party for the situation is Bohlman’s mother.â When Michael Bloom, the Defense Attorney, contended that Tylutki is neither â€Å"a threat to the public† nor a â€Å"flight risk,† Barbara Sattler, the Pima County Superior Court Judge brought down his bail from $750,000 to $25,000 (â€Å"Bail Cut for Teen in Friend’s Death†).The offended party had just begged the Judge not to bring down Tylutki’s bail.â Dan Nicolini, the Deputy Pima County Attorney had comparably contended against a decrease in the defendant’s bail sum, expressing that Tylutki might just be a â€Å"flight chance (â€Å"Bail Cut for Teen in Friend’s Death†).†However, the Judge kept up her decision.â Tylutki is directly permitted to pay $25,000 to move to his parents’ home from where he would be required to â€Å"regularly answer to court authorities (â€Å"Bail Cut for Teen in Friend’s Death†).†Ã¢ The litigant would likewise need to â€Å"submit to sedate testing† all the time observing that â€Å"[f]ive sacks of pot bundled for sale† had been found in his room (â€Å"Bail Cut for Teen in Friend’s Death†).OpinionTylutki’s bail sum ought not be brought down observing that he has just killed his companion and may kill others in the event that he can pay $25,000 to move out of prison to his parents’ home.â As a self evident certainty, the respondent ought not have the alternative of being liberated by paying any bail amount.Clearly, an individual with the capacity to kill their companion must be recognized as â€Å"a peril to the public† given that the person in question can't be relied upon to regard the privileges of others either (â€Å"Bail Cut for Teen in Friend’s Death†).Bloom can't demonstrate that Tylutki would not kill another individual in the event that he is set free.â Furthermore, regardless of whether the litigant is required to â€Å"regularly answer to court officials† there is no proof that he would not vanish between the planned dates of detailing (â€Å"Bail Cut for Teen in Friend’s Death†).

Behavioral Finance In Investment Decision -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Examine About The Behavioral Finance In Investment Decision? Answer: Presentation Social Finance and speculation the executives goes connected at the hip as both are identified with dealing with the Finances(Ritter, 2003). Venture the executives is where assets are overseen. It appears with regards to in what capacity can a financial specialist settle on choices about contributing his money(Stanlay, 2011). While, Behavior the board unites some economy standards which impacts brain science of a human conduct while settling on venture choice. Aim of both of these is to assist us with settling on better decisions. It includes as of now assimilated convictions that make the individual inclination and these convictions at that point prevent the choices of an individual. The idea of effective market speculation is presently a piece of new current money. It is a sound idea as far as accounts. It very well may be relevant for the capital markets which are connected with the proficiency of cost and different markets are likewise dissected. It bargains in the financial exch ange where costs of market show the data about the organizations. In different terms, the proficient market speculation is a hypothesis of structure which helps in contributing when human is experiencing social finance(Malkiel, 2003). Conduct Finance testing the Efficient Hypothesis The Efficient Market Theory has been the main overseeing and controlling hypothesis of the executives from numerous years. Later when social fund came into picture; it tested the presumptions of Market theory, especially identified with the speculation idea. It has included brain science and feelings into venture conduct hypothesis. Additionally there are weaknesses of Efficient Market Hypothesis which were brought up purchase the Behavioral Finance and furthermore simultaneously, it ought to be taken decidedly as for securities exchange studies(Sharma, 2014). The significant difficulties are the accompanying: Accessibility and access to data Productive Market Hypothesis expresses that the speculation markets are adequate with the data. Everybody can get to the data at whatever point they need and because of this updates on speculation can't be controlled. Despite the fact that, this announcement faces difficulties based on two things: access and accessibility. From the hypothesis point, everybody approaches just the contributing data and not on the useful data. Because of day by day way of life, everybody has diverse time to access to data. Accessibility of the data is additionally a soft spot for EMH. By and large, the venture data is accessible to just top theorists or to the restricted gathering of individuals who are contributing and afterward at the later stage, it is imparted to the general population. Subsequently, the ones who get the data early exploit from this. Additionally, the significant accentuation ought to be given to the on to the strategy by which the data is conveyed as opposed to the accessibility of data. In a similar setting, social fund says that securities exchanges are wasteful in data as far as accessibility and access(Akintoye, 2008). Central Analysis The techniques that help in settling on speculation choices as a rule are of two classes: Technical and principal examination. In speculation process, if financial specialists need to set up great and gainful relationship with the organization, it ought to apply basic parts. Its the propensity of the speculator to make an image of the organization in their portfolios when a speculator is keen on the money related information of the organization. Because of this they empower connections certainly with the organization they are keen on. In EMH, central examination is constrained. Adherents of the EMH, made issues supporting it and because of this, it was taken as a confusing hypothesis and finally, finished up with discrediting it. Specialized Analysis EMH disproves the specialized investigation, when the course of costs on the investigation of past information estimating is finished. Because of this, the effect on the venture dynamic falsehoods as a result of the verifiable improvement of the organization. Past information ought not be the perfect concentration for the examination when one needs to accomplish significant yields. Past information should just be treated as a memory. Consistency of Investment As expressed by EMH, the individuals who are particularly into the securities exchange and venture, they are looked as the boring gatherings of individuals the individuals who share similar mentalities, attributes, strategies and extension. Family or companions, understanding or sex are not the things it is restricted to. Discerning Behavior Individuals who put resources into stocks are described as sensible by the people who are proficient in showcase data. These normal financial specialists are simply centered around the results with the goal that they can amplify the benefit by that. Individuals, who stay submitted to a similar contributing strategy on an everyday premise, are contrasted with as the troopers walking. In speculation, being sane is the key and the goal which makes the benefit of intensity. Feelings and Investment Financial specialists consistently structure their convictions based on their feelings engaged with each offer. The kinds of sentiments like confidence, cynicism support or dishearten them every now and then during the contributing procedure. Subsequently, feelings are obviously are crucial in impacting the choices of the financial specialists. EMH proposes that there is no impact of the feelings in the financial exchange and the way toward contributing while conduct Finance stress on the feelings a ton and that they are the foundation of the structure. Proficient market speculation bubble To the extent the financial specialists are putting resources into advertising sanely, the air pockets that are made in EMH can't be comprehended. For instance: the website bubble where web based organizations appreciated a high stock cost by simply including a .com to it at long last. These air pockets and t hese contentions are supportive of overwhelming the Behavioral Finance over EMH. A nave theory EMH is certifiably not a confounded hypothetical structure when contrasted with the Behavioral Finance. EMH is viewed as the nave approach or a straightforward one. Being basic or nave, it is exceptionally famous with in financial specialists from quite a while as it gives out the energy in contributing choices, however the results are not kidding. Social Finance then again is convoluted and because of this it isn't acknowledged by most of the community(Kalra et al., 2014). Ramifications of Behavioral Finance for Investment Managers While customary hypothesis expresses that the choices made by the speculators are generally balanced, the cutting edge hypothesis says this isn't the situation. Choices are generally conflicting and they assume a significant job in affecting human psyche by making a deception. The ramifications of conduct money are educated by the two subjective hallucinations: Heuristic Decision Process and Prospect Theory. Heuristic Decision Process At the point when apparatuses like calculations, procedures and stunts are utilized for tackling issues, and afterward heuristic choice procedure happens. At the point when financial specialists contribute, their choice isn't constantly judicious as it is hard to expel the feelings from simultaneously. The components that are remembered for Heuristic procedure are: Representativeness: The propensity to take choices based on the past encounters is known as generalization. Tversky Kahneman in 1982, characterized representativeness as: 1) When the parent populace is equivalent to the occasions attributes and 2) Examines significant highlights of method by which it yields. Arrogance: It was concentrated by Guth, Dittrich and Maciejobsky in 2001, that solitary two third of the members are careless. Additionally it was seen that the individuals who lose their cash in showcase are inclined to getting increasingly sure. Certainty assumes indispensable job in picking up progress. Despite the fact that it isn't the main hotspot for picking up progress, it is empowered by all and is viewed as a positive quality. Presently when financial specialists become pompous, they keep an eye on over the top preparing which is bad(Chaudhary, 2013). Tying down: When individuals contribute, they will in general believe that the conclusive outcome would rely upon the underlying estimations of the exchange various circumstances however it may just be the fractional computation and not the last one. Albeit later tying down procedure was included where Kahneman and Tversky expressed that various appraisals lead to the underlying qualities. Disappointment of Gamblers: When the likely outcomes are being normal, absence of understanding and inaccurate estimation should be possible some of the time. This absence of erroneous dynamic is known as Gamblers Failure. Inclination Availability: It resembles a subjective predisposition which makes the person to overestimate the potential probabilities of the occasions with unmistakable happenings. For the most part, financial specialists give more weight on the for the most part accessible data while they make decisions(Jahanzeb et al., 2012). Group Behavior: When the dynamic is finished by taking a gander at different people groups choice, it is known as the crowd conduct. At whatever point anybody new joins the market, he being new would consistently anticipate different financial specialists choice who is being managing the market from quite a while. Mental Accounting: Found by Richard Thaler, it is an idea wherein the financial specialists outline the exchange the manner in which they take a gander at the utility they are expecting out of it. The inclination choice is the point at which the speculators esteem the cash based on the source from where it is generated(Sharma, 2016). Monitor Nature: When any sort of progress happens, individuals will in general be delayed toward adjusting those new changes. This is known as conservatism predisposition. On the off chance that t he changes are happening on the bigger premise, at that point individuals will acclimate to it sooner and will respond to that sooner. They can likewise overcompensate too in certain conditions. Impact of Disposition: A financial specialist in the wake of putting away the cash wouldn't like to sell the offer until it goes up on the value he put into it before. In any event, when the costs go down, speculator wouldn't like to sell. This impact helps in understanding the little gains and little misfortunes

Case Presentation Prescription Medication / Over The Counter Drugs - 550 Words

Case Presentation: Prescription Medication / Over The Counter Drugs (Case Study Sample) Content: CASE PRESENTATIONGROUP THERAPYGroup 1Karia rehabilitation center was started in October 2015. This is a government owned facility operated by the county government of Nyeri. It offers free services to all those drug addicts free from psychosis who are willing to be helped around quit drug addiction. This facility has a capacity of holding up to 50 clients and they will stay for a minimum of 3 months before being discharged. Most of the drugs abused by the clients who want assistance include the following * Alcohol * Cigarette smoking * Miraa * Cannabis sativa * Kuber * Prescription medication/ over the counter drugs * CocaineMost of the drug reported being abused in this rehabilitation is alcohol. And most of the clients who want help have suffered withdrawal symptoms and fear quitting these drugs for fear of these withdrawal symptomsClients in the rehabilitation center are grouped as they come having 3 groups in the facility. Having the new group as the fresh admitte d, the median group as those with more than a month and the old group as those who are just about to graduate.In this report, I am going to take one group that I have been with since they were admitted until recently they were discharged. Though I was not the only counsellor who was having session with, I will go into details as far as I can with the help of the other two counsellors, the occupational therapist and the psychiatric nurse whom helped me so much during my attachment period in the facility.It was in the mid May that we formed this group by then it was a new group in the facility. It consisted of 15 members all of them whom had substance dependence problems. As I recall, we have the group formation process, this is a group with a common purpose, dealing with addiction and maintaining sobriety. These groups are formal and they follow the group formation process. Each group has but one primary purpose to carry its message to the addict who still suffers. These groups meeti ngs are closed and no outsider will be allowed to attend these group counselling meetings in the facility. Members share their experience, strength and hope with each other that they may solve their common problem and help others to recover from addiction.Initially after the admission at the facility, these new members are recovering from withdrawal symptoms, after two weeks thats when they are sober, during this time most of them restrict sharing since they dont know whats happening. They have to be assured of their confidentiality and one has to build a trust that will make them share information. As time goes by they learn to open up and to some extent some will even chair meetings with their topics of concern and as a counsellor you will only be a facilitator in that group meeting.We usually held discussions with me chairing the meetings; I would open the meeting, using that groups format and selects a topic for discussion. Background for many topic meetings derives from A.A. li terature, such as Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions,A few specific topic suggestions that we offered include: * attitude * defects of character * fear * freedom through sobriety * gratitude * higher power * honesty * humility * making amends * resentments * surrender * the tools of recovery * tolerance * willingnessMostly what we would spend time on mostly was the 12 steps of alcoholic anonymous basically spending a week on every step, these steps would trigger discussions opening up personal issues. People with personal issues would be identified during these group counselling and be referred to individual counselling after the group meeting was over.THE TWELVE STEPS OF ALCOHOLICS ANONYMOUS 1 We admitted we were powerless over alcohol that our lives had become unmanageable.

Anorexia Nervosa (Nutrition and Psychology Related)

Alan Varatta HED: Nutrition Anorexia nervosa is a life threatening eating disorder defined by a refusal to maintain fifteen percent of a normal body weight through self-starvation (Arnold, page26). Ninety-five percent of anorexics are women between the ages of twelve and eighteen, however, Â…in the past twenty years, this disorder has become a growing threat to high school and college students (Arnold, page 39). Anorexia produces a multitude of symptoms, and if not treated, anorexia can lead to permanent physical damage or death. Anorexic behavior is complex because it is all about the need for control. Someone suffering from anorexia has a distorted body image of himself or herself. He/she believes to be overweight, even though†¦show more content†¦Guilt from consuming any food is a result of a loss of control to the anorexic. The anorexic loses hope from his/her sense of failure to control his/her eating. Obsessive thoughts and preoccupation with the anorexics unhealthy physical state and obsessiv e rituals of the eating pattern occurs because he/she is in a vicious cycle of lack of control in his/her life. This lack of control in the anorexic exacerbates the alienation and loneliness already present (Arnold, page 91). Motivated by the belief that the anorexic is not worthy of friendships with certain peers, the anorexic is consumed by food. The fear of discovering that he/she is anorexic is terrifying. This terror of discovery produces social anxiety and sometimes nervous breakdowns. The depression resulting from the anorexics psychological symptoms can lead to suicide. In cases of depressed anorexics the lack of control to overcome the state of control of self-starvation produces the feelings of failure and desperation and often leads to suicide. Treatment for the anorexic is a long-term process that includes psychotherapy. Treatment must begin with an evaluation of the anorexic patient. Here the evaluator must learn as much information about the anorexic patient by explori ng the family history, health status, and how the anorexic perceives himself/herself and the anorexic patients lifestyle. Establishing a treatment plan designed for theShow MoreRelatedA Multidisciplinary Approach On Nutrition And Behavior1022 Words   |  5 PagesThis book provides readers with information through the use of a multidisciplinary approach on how the areas of nutrition and psychology connect. The book is comprised of 15 chapters where chapter contents include: concepts and models in nutrition and behavior; effects of chronic and acute forms of under nutrition; dietary supplements, mental performance and behavior; alcohol, brain functioning and behavior; and behavioral aspects of overweight and obesity. The book concludes with an appendix andRead MoreNutrition Counseling Practices And Psychological Counseling1294 Words   |  6 PagesNutrition counseling is a combination of nutrition science expertise and psychological counseling skill (Snetselaar, 2009). Current nutr ition counseling practices have expanded from an initial, brief hospital encounter that provides education into a more in-depth counseling discovery of dietary changes related to an individual’s personal situation and emotions through links of nutrition science, psychology and physiology. â€Å"Clients approach nutrition counseling sessions with mindsets about themselvesRead MoreThe Effects Of Anorexia Nervosa On The Human Body1406 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of Anorexia Nervosa On the Human Body Anorexia is a lack or loss of appetite for food as a medical condition and is also considered an emotional disorder categorized by an obsessive desire to lose weight by refusing to eat. 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TheRead MoreAnorexia Nervosa Is An Eating Disorder1407 Words   |  6 Pages Abnormal Psychology YourFirstName YourLastName University title Anorexia Nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of putting on weight with a negative attitude towards body weight (medical dictionary). Due to this extensive fear, people eventually starve themselves leading to extremely low body weights. People suffering from Anorexia take extreme efforts to keep their body weights in check by limiting the amount of food they eat. These efforts range from excessiveRead MoreResearch Proposal : Anorexia Nervosa6654 Words   |  27 PagesPSYCHOLOGY LIB401 RESEARCH PROPOSAL TOPIC: ANOREXIA NERVOSA CONTENTS |No. | |PAGE | | |CONTENT | | |1 |INTRODUCTION |3 | |2 |LITERATURE REVIEWRead MoreDisease Analysis: Anorexia Nervosa2366 Words   |  10 PagesANOREXIA NERVOSA Introduction A good number of people have strange eating habits. Some show extremely picky behavior when it comes to food and some eat particular foods at particular times (Eating Disorders, 2006). However, serious eating disorders can be categorized as follows: Anorexia nervosa: when an individual self-starves himself/herself so that he/she can avoid obesity (Eating Disorders, 2009). Anorexic people refuse to maintain their normal body weight which thus results in the

The Physics Of Space Flight - 1387 Words

Manned space missions to other planets, and even interstellar travel, has been the subject of countless books, movies and television shows, beginning in 1865 with Jules Verne’s book â€Å"From the Earth to the Moon†, where a man named Impey Barbicane makes a cannon large enough to fire a hollow bullet to the moon, one of the first attempts to depict a feasible propulsion, and is still considered the most realistic theory before 1900s. But space flight is no longer fiction, as Yuri Gagarin proved in 1961, and the technology allowing these advances is now even closer than ever, as the first manned flight for mars is scheduled for 2030. However, there are still major limitations to these kinds of space flight, and we still have to solve these problems before we attempt to leave Earth’s orbit. The first is Propulsion, as the current rocket fuel is far too heavy, and costs too much, to use it for anything other than trips to the moon and back. Second, is communication , as the craft will need to retain communication with Earth, as the current system has too much of a delay. Third, are the detrimental effects of gravity on bone mass. Forth, is artificial hibernation, necessary for interstellar travel. Fifth, is the deadly radiation of outerspace. Lastly, are supplies like food, water, and air. All these problems need to be solved before attempting to ever leave Earth orbit and enter Space. Propulsion is a major limitation to space exploration, because of its expense and weight.Show MoreRelatedNational Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)652 Words   |  3 PagesFor over fifty years, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, or NASA, has studied the outer space and how to get there. NASA was founded in 1958 by President Dwight D. Eisenhower. NASA basically branched out from another administration which was called the National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics, or NACA. 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Earning of actors and professional athletes free essay sample

With the development of economy, people are satisfied with the physical needs. Thus people began to chase the spiritual needs. Entertainment and sports became an important way to do so. So there are many actors and professional athletes appeared. And they usually can get much money from their job, which many people cannot understand. Because people think actors and professional athletes are not worthy to get high salary. However, I think that actors and professional athletes deserve this treatment because of the specialty of their jobs. First of all, actors and professional athletes do not have any privacy for their daily life, which normal people cannot image. Then, they have to do so many professional exercises that are easy to get hurt. Also, many actors and athletes only can work for a few years. Finally, their entertainment can actually attract people, so people like them and are willing to pay for it. For all the reasons above, actors and professional athletes absolutely are worthy to be paid that much. To begin with, actors’ and athletes’ life are exposed to the public. Because of their fame, normal people are curious about how they spend their life. Whoever they fell in love with or married to, their fans and paparazzi all concentrate on them. Actors and athletes need to bear the pressure from public. Indeed, if they did something wrong, they will have got so many critics and their reputation will be decreased dramatically. Thus, some medias want to earn money through exaggerating their behaviors, even making the false reports about actors’ and athletes’ behavior. Take Michael Jackson as an example, he was said â€Å"molesting boys† by many media. According to California Report, â€Å"news reports have said the child is a 12- or 13-year-old boy who visited Jackson at his Neverland Ranch, a storybook play land where the singer was known to have sleepovers for children and share his bed with youngsters. † At that time, people all misunderstood Michael Jackson and blamed him. So Michael Jackson’s career, life and spirit all got lethal hurt. However, until he died, all the truth was reported. â€Å"Jurors also acquitted Jackson of getting the boy drunk and of conspiring to imprison his accuser and the boys family at the storybook estate a complete legal victory but one that may do little to improve his bizarre image. † Therefore, actors and athletes are toilsome of bearing the social pressure, which means they should earn much money to balance. Moreover, actors and athletes have to take many hard exercises to reach the professional level. In these strict exercises, especially athletes, they are easy to get injured at different degrees. Sometimes, athletes will get permanent disabilities and they cannot do sports anymore. According to China Daily, â€Å"Volleyball star Tang Miao is facing permanent paralysis after he broke his neck while warming up for a training session on Wednesday in Russia. A consular official said Tangs head collided with the wall when he went to save a ball, which increased the damage in his lumbar and cervical vertebrae. † The volleyball star could not join sports any more. Actually, sportsmen are trying their best to do sports, even lost their lives. So do actors. Shooting a film is not an easy thing to do. Sometimes they have to wear summer cloths in snowy day or wear cotton-wadded jacket in sunny days. Even some scenes cannot be finished at first time. So actors should do it again and again. Consequently, actors and athletes are paid much because they gave much. Furthermore, actors and athletes usually have a limited career life. For actors, some old actors can continue their career because they have a really good health. In spite of old actors still can work, the roles that they can play will become lesser and lesser with the increase of their age. For instance, it is dangerous for old actors to play an action movie. Sometimes they cannot afford the high-intensive shooting. So these old actors only can accept one or two plays per year. Absolutely, they have to spend their money that they earned in the young years. It is different from the daily working people. Besides, only very famous actors can get many chances to shoot. For athletes, when athletes become older, their health is not good enough to do the hard exercises, which they have to face in the career life. For instance, some lucky and capable athletes can be a coach when they retired from sports. However, not everyone can be the coach. In China, the athletes all focus on their exercise instead of cultural education. So when they retired, they cannot find a good job for living. According to David Wertime, a columnist of sports, â€Å"Chinese Weightlifting champion Zou Chunlan fell on hard times after retiring in 1993 and now works at a public bathhouse to eke out a living. She earns less than 500 RMB (about 75 dollars) per month. Years of training have affected her body. † So their life is difficult to maintain if they retired from their career. Obviously, it is reasonable that they earned much when they can work. Last but not least, their entertainment can help them to get so many fans, and they would like to support actors and athletes. These famous actors and athletes not only have one economic source. They can take advertisements, play movies, sing songs, play sports games, and play TV shows. And whatever they do, their fans will support them and be willing to pay. In the same way, if there is a fans meeting for your loved actors, I guess you will really want to go, whatever how much you should pay. And the sports game also likes this way. As we can see from the â€Å"Movie Star†, â€Å"Using fan club journals, fan letters, and studio production records, Samantha Barbas reveals how the passion, enthusiasm, and sometimes possessive advocacy of the modern mass media, and American popular culture. Barbas sheds new light on the development of the cult of celebrity in America, and demonstrates that while fans were avid consumers of the film industry, they did not mindlessly accept the images presented to them by the studios. Fans reacted to movies and stars with excitement, anger, confusion, joy, or boredom. Far from a united force, fans were often complex, and never predictable. † So the power of fans cannot be ignored. As long as they want to pay for the performance of their idol, actors and athletes can earn from their enthusiasm. In a word, actors and athletes can earn much money due to these four reasons. Firstly, they cannot get privacy from their daily life. Then they have to do so many difficult exercises. Next, they are hard to get a good job when they retired, even cannot work any more. Finally, they own many fans that can support them. All the reason above can obviously explain why they earn that much. Thus, actors and athletes actually give much for their return.